1.Junit4 标注总结
2.测试方法总结
3.assertThat语句的基本使用
该语句是代替原来的断言语句，以一种可读性更强的形式呈现断言。
使用时，注意导入：（Eclipse某些版本不能自动导入）
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;常用语句如下：
allOf语句表示所有在括号内的测试都必须通过，该断言才成立。 any语句表示结果是某一个类及其子类的类型。 anyOf语句表示只要在括号内的任意一个语句成立，该断言则通过。 equalTo语句表示两者在数值上“相等”。 is语句在大多数时候表示一种判断的动作，例如上述几个例子。但在传入一个"XXX.class"这样的参数时，也可以代替instanceOf；另外，还可以替代equalTo。 not语句是“取反”。 notNullValue语句是判断不是null，与nullValue语句相反。 sameInstance语句表示"=="，即是否指向同一个对象实例。另外，其他常用语句如下：
assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringCase(expectedString)); /**equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString *在忽略头尾的任意个空格的情况下等于expectedString， *注意：字符串中的空格不能被忽略 */ assertThat(testedString, equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(expectedString); /**containsString匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString包含子字符串subString**/ assertThat(testedString, containsString(subString) ); /**endsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串suffix结尾*/ assertThat(testedString, endsWith(suffix)); /**startsWith匹配符断言被测的字符串testedString以子字符串prefix开始*/ assertThat(testedString, startsWith(prefix)); /**closeTo匹配符断言被测的浮点型数testedDouble在20.0¡À0.5范围之内*/ assertThat(testedDouble, closeTo( 20.0, 0.5 )); /**greaterThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThan(16.0)); /** lessThan匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber小于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, lessThan (16.0)); /** greaterThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的数值testedNumber大于等于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, greaterThanOrEqualTo (16.0)); /** lessThanOrEqualTo匹配符断言被测的testedNumber小于等于16.0*/ assertThat(testedNumber, lessThanOrEqualTo (16.0)); /**hasEntry匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有一个键值为"key"对应元素值为"value"的Entry项*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasEntry("key", "value" ) ); /**hasItem匹配符表明被测的迭代对象iterableObject含有元素element项则测试通过*/ assertThat(iterableObject, hasItem (element)); /** hasKey匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有键值“key”*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasKey ("key")); /** hasValue匹配符断言被测的Map对象mapObject含有元素值value*/ assertThat(mapObject, hasValue(value)); assertThat举例：
import org.hamcrest.Description;import org.hamcrest.Matcher;import org.hamcrest.StringDescription;import org.junit.Test;import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;public class HamcrestExamples { @Test public void allOfExampleShowsAllMatchersMustAllBeTrue() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Hello")))); } @Test public void allOfExampleShowsFailingIfOneMatcherDoesNotMatch() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(not(allOf(notNullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class))))); } @Test public void anyExampleChecksThatClassIsOfSameType() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(any(String.class))); } @Test public void anyExampleShowsStringIsAlsoAnObject() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(any(Object.class))); } @Test public void anyOfExampleReturnsTrueIfOneMatches() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(String.class), equalTo("Goodbye")))); } @Test public void anyOfExampleFailingIfAllMatchersAreFalse() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(not(anyOf(nullValue(), instanceOf(Integer.class), equalTo("Goodbye"))))); } @Test public void anythingExampleAlwaysReturnsTrue() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(anything())); } // Feels very esoteric and not for typical usage used to override the description @Test public void describedAsExample() throws Exception { Matcher< ?> matcher = describedAs("My Description", anything()); Description description = new StringDescription().appendDescriptionOf(matcher); assertThat("My Description", is(description.toString())); } @Test public void equalToExampleAddingTwoPlusTwo() throws Exception { assertThat(2 + 2, is(equalTo(4))); } @Test public void instanceOfExampleForString() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(instanceOf(String.class))); } @Test public void isExampleShortCutForIsInstanceOfClass() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(String.class)); assertThat("Hello", instanceOf(String.class)); } @Test public void isExampleShortCutAsJustSyntacticSugarUsedThreeTimes() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(is(is(notNullValue())))); } @Test public void isExampleShortCutForIsEqualTo() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is("Hello")); assertThat("Hello", equalTo("Hello")); } @Test public void notExampleJustInvertsExpression() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(not(instanceOf(Integer.class)))); } @Test public void notNullValueExampleForString() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue())); } @Test public void notNullValueExampleForAClass() throws Exception { assertThat("Hello", is(notNullValue(Object.class))); } @Test public void nullValueExampleWithANull() throws Exception { assertThat(null, is(nullValue())); } @Test public void nullValueExampleWithANullType() throws Exception { Integer nothing = null; assertThat(nothing, is(nullValue(Integer.class))); } @Test public void sameInstanceExample() throws Exception { Object object = new Object(); Object sameObject = object; assertThat(object, is(sameInstance(sameObject))); }} 4. Test Suite的使用
在@Suite.SuiteClasses()中加入需要进行测试的类，例如Dice4Test.class。public class AllTests 里面留空，为的是编译器通过编译。
另外，在Eclipse中统计测试代码行覆盖率和分支覆盖率时，请使用EclEmma插件。
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